It might also derive from the Algonquian cawaassough, meaning an advisor, talker, or orator. There are three main theories: Native American origins James Hammond Trumbull suggested to the American Philological Association that the word comes from an Algonquian word for "counsel", cau´-cau-as´u. However, the word's origins remain uncertain. Samuel Adams's father, and twenty others, one or two from the north end of the town, where all the ship business is carried on, used to meet, make a caucus, and lay their plan for introducing certain persons into places of trust and power. The word caucus, and its derivative caucusing, are often used in Boston It seems to mean, a number of persons, whether more or less, met together to consult upon adopting or presenting some scheme of policy, for carrying a favorite point.
There they drink Phlip I suppose, and there they choose a Moderator, who puts Questions to the Vote regularly, and Selectman, Assessors, Collectors, Wardens, Fire Wards, and Representatives are Regularly chosen before they are chosen in the Town . There they smoke tobacco till you cannot see from one End of the Garrett to the other. He has a large House, and he has a moveable Partition in his Garrett, which he takes down and the whole Clubb meets in one Room. This day learned that the Caucas Clubb meets at certain Times in the Garret of Tom Daws, the Adjutant of the Boston Regiment. are called by the Name of the New and Grand Corcas." Ī February 1763 entry in the diary of John Adams of Braintree, Massachusetts, demonstrates that the word already held its modern connotations of a " smoke-filled room", where candidates for public election were pre-selected in private:
The Boston Gazette of May 5, 1760, includes the statement: "It is reported, that certain Persons. The word caucus first came into use in the British colonies of North America, in reference to clubs or private meetings at which political matters were discussed. Lewis Carroll mocked the futility of caucuses in "A Caucus-Race and a Long Tale", Chapter 3 of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865): when the "Caucus-race" of running in a circle stops, everyone is declared a winner by the Dodo and Alice is told to hand out prizes to all others, receiving her own thimble as her prize. The term was used historically in the United Kingdom to refer to the Liberal Party's internal system of management and control. It has spread to certain Commonwealth countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa, where it generally refers to a regular meeting of all members of Parliament who belong to a parliamentary party: in such a context, a party caucus can be quite powerful, as it has the ability to elect or dismiss the party's parliamentary leader. The term originated in the United States, where it can refer to a meeting of members of a political party to nominate candidates, plan policy, etc, in the United States Congress, or other similar representative organs of government. The exact definition varies between different countries and political cultures. For the purported ancestor of Caucasians, see Caucas.Ī caucus is a meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. For the geographic region between Western Asia and Eastern Europe, see Caucasus. This article is about political meetings.
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